Diagnostic efficacy of two-dimensional echocardiography combined with coronary angiogram in patients with acute myocardial infarction, and the effectiveness of atorvastatin

Purpose: To investigate the diagnostic significance of two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) combined with coronary angiogram in patients with acute myocardial infarction, and to determine the effectiveness of atorvastatin.Methods: Patients (n = 100) with acute myocardial infarction admitted in Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, China, were divided into control group (CG) treated with conventional therapy, and study group (EG) treated with atorvastatin, in addition to conventional therapy. The diseased vessels examined by echocardiography and coronary angiogramv were recorded and compared. The effectiveness of atorvastatin treatment was assessed by evaluating myocardial injury, oxidative stress, vascular injury and cardiac function indices, viz, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic internal diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic internal diameter (LVESD), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV).Results: The number of double and multiple lesions shown on coronary angiogram were significantly higher than those shown in echocardiography. Phosphocreatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) improved significantly in both groups after surgery, with CK-MB significantly lower in EG than those in CG at 1 and 3 days post-operation. Interleukin-6 (IL- 6) was significantly lower in EG than in CG at 1 and 7 days after the surgery (p < 0.05). N-terminal Btype natriuretic peptidogen (NT-proBNP) was lower in EG than in CG on the 3rd day after surgery (p < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly higher in EG than in the CG at 1, 3 and 7 days after surgery. The QRS scores significantly improved in both groups after surgery (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Echocardiography, when used in combination with coronary angiogram, accurately assesses the coronary lesions in acute myocardial infarction, and atorvastatin treatment after PCI reduces myocardial injury, relieves inflammation, and promotes the recovery of cardiac function in patients

Structure Determination of Bioactive Metabolites from Marine-Derived Fungi and Simultaneous Analysis of Herbal Medicines by HPLC-DAD-ELSD-MS

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 약학과 천연물과학전공, 2015. 8. Shin Jongheon.Part A. Structure Determination of Bioactive Metabolites from Marine-Derived Fungi Marine natural products have been proven to be a prolific source of novel therapeutic agents that have demonstrated significant activities in various pathological conditions including cancer, viral infection, inflammation, analgesia, and immune modulation. The marine-derived fungi is one of the three dominated phylogenetic groups, have shown great diversity of their secondary metabolites and a wide range novel secondary metabolites have been isolated since 1980s. Marine-derived fungi alone have produced more than 400 novel compounds, of which several have exhibited potent and diverse bioactivities. The purpose of this study is to investigate new marine natural products from marine-derived fungi and study their biological activities. During the course of searching for bioactive metabolites from marine-derived fungi, two strains Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. were selected for chemical investigation based on LC-ESIMS analysis and bioassay screening of the crude extracts. Secondary metabolites from the selected fungi were isolated and structure determination based on 1D, 2D NMR, and IR, UV, OR and MS. As a result, 9 novel compounds and 9 known compounds were structurally determined using integrated spectroscopic analysis and chemical approaches. These compounds belonged to various structural classes: meroterpenoids, alkaloids, anthroquinones, and lipopeptides. The biological activities of the isolated compounds were studied on various bioactivity tests: cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activities, inhibition against the enzymes isocitrate lyase (ICL), sortase A (SrtA) and Na+/K+-ATPase, and quinone reductase. Structure-activity relationships were also deduced. Part B. Simultaneous Analysis of Herbal Medicines by HPLC-DAD-ELSD-MS Traditional herbal medicines have been practiced to maintain health and treat diseases especially in the Asia communities for more than 2,000 years. Increment of worldwide attention and concomitant pharmaceutical research has made it essential to carry out the quality control measurement for the herbal medicines. However, serious hindrance has been attributed to the lack of recognition and regulation of professions, qualified practitioners, quality-controlled herbal medicines, and evidence-based clinical studies. Thus it is urgently needed to establish a comprehensive qualified evaluation method that could accurately reflect the quality of herbal medicines. The purpose of this study is developing simultaneous analysis methods of bioactive compounds in herbal medicines. Two herbal medicines, which are Kalopanacis Cortex and Semen Ziziphus jujuba were subjected to the current study. In herbal medicines, it is hard to consider that single or a few compounds would determine the overall pharmacological activities. Rather, it is more likely that multiple compounds act simultaneously and attribute to the therapeutic function of the herbal medicine. For this reason, most bioactive metabolite in the selected herbal medicines were analyzed and determined. In particular, three phenolics and nine hedergenin saponins were selected for the analysis of Kalopanacis Cortex. Moreover, one alkaloid, five flavonoid saponins and three jujuboside saponins from Semen Ziziphus jujuba were also analyzed. The methods based on HPLC-DAD-ELSD-MS was established for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of a selected folk medicine. Various validation parameters, such as linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, recovery, accuracy, and precision, were successfully obtained. In addition, the efficiencies of diverse extraction methods were compared for the development of a standard analytic method. The verified methods were successfully applied to the quantitative determination of representative metabolites in commercial samples from Korea, Myanmar and China.Abstract in English I List of Contents VI List of Tables VIII List of Figures XI Part A. Structure Determination of Bioactive Metabolites from Marine-Derived Fungi 1 I. Introduction 2 II. Penicillipyrones A and B, Meroterpenoids from a Marine-Derived Penicillium sp. Fungus. 13 III. Alkaloidal Metabolites from a Marine-Derived Aspergillus sp. Fungus 32 IV. Asperphenins A and B, as anticancer agents from a Marine-Derived Aspergillus sp. Fungus 64 V. Conclusion 102 Part B. Simultaneous Analysis of Herbal Medicines by HPLC-DAD-ELSD-MS 103 I. Introduction 104 II. Quantification and Identification of Bioactive Metabolites from Kalopanacis Cortex by HPLC with Evaporative Light Scattering Detection and ESI Quadrupole TOF MS 107 III. Simultaneous Analysis of Bioactive Metabolites from Semen Ziziphus jujuba by HPLC-DAD-ELSD-MS/MS 138 IV. Conclusion 162 Summary 163 References 170 Appendix A : NMR Spectroscopic Data 184 Appendix B : Supporting Information 196 Publication List 212 Acknowledgements 214Docto

Instantaneous Rotational Speed Measurement of Wind Turbine Blades using a Marker-Tracking Method

Rotational speed of wind turbine blades is an important parameter reflecting the operating and structural health conditions of wind turbines. Traditionally, the rotor speed is measured using inertial measuring units (IMUs). The biggest issue with IMUs is that the measurements drift over time and require constant calibration. This paper presents a direct way of measuring the instantaneous rotational speed of wind turbine blades using a camera and a marker-tracking method. The proposed measurement method is assessed by conducting a series of simulation experiments under different conditions – fixed speed, stepped varying speed, and linear varying speed. Results demonstrate that when using a camera with a frame rate of 30 fps (frames per second), the marker-tracking method yields a relative error within ±0.5% at the speed between 5 to 30 rpm (revolutions per minute). Compared to the image-correlation method, the marker-tracking method provides better results in terms of accuracy and reaction time, especially under varying speed conditions

Effect of Dietary Fiber on Batter Characteristics and Oil Penetration in Deep-Fried Battered and Breaded Fish Nuggets from Silver Carp Surimi

To investigate the effect of dietary fiber on batter characteristics and oil penetration in deep-fried battered and breaded fish nuggets (BBFNs) from silver carp surimi, deep-fried BBFNs were prepared with model batters (composed of wheat starch and gluten) added with 8% apple fiber, 6% soybean fiber or 12% wheat bran fiber. The moisture adsorption isotherms of dietary fiber, wheat starch and gluten, and the pick-up of BBFNs were evaluated, the viscosity, rheological behavior and calorimetric properties of batters were measured, and the thermogravimetric properties of the crust, the water state and oil penetration of deep-fried BBFNs were also evaluated. The results showed that the moisture absorption capacity of wheat starch was the largest, followed by soybean fiber, apple fiber, wheat bran fiber, and gluten. Compared to that the control group (without dietary fiber), the addition of 8% apple fiber, 6% soybean fiber or 12% wheat bran fiber significantly increased the viscosity of batters and the pick-up of BBFNs (P < 0.05). The loss modulus (G’) and storage modulus (G”) of batters were decreased firstly, then increased rapidly and ultimately remained stable with an increase in oil temperature, and soybean fiber resulted in the highest G’ and G”, which contributed to the fastest formation of gels and the highest thermal stability of the crust after frying. The addition of each of the dietary fibers resulted in transformation of free water into bound water and increased the total moisture content of the crust. Soybean fiber resulted in the lowest oil penetration in deep-fried BBFNs, followed by apple fiber, wheat bran fiber and the control group. This study indicated that the addition of the three dietary fibers in model batter systems can accelerate the formation of gels, significantly improve the strength of the gels formed, and ultimately inhibit oil penetration in deep-fried BBFNs

Full Aperture CO 2

An improved method is presented to scan the full-aperture optical surface rapidly by using galvanometer steering mirrors. In contrast to the previous studies, the scanning velocity is faster by several orders of magnitude. The velocity is chosen to allow little thermodeposition thus providing small and uniform residual stress. An appropriate power density is set to obtain a lower processing temperature. The proper parameters can help to prevent optical surface from fracturing during operation at high laser flux. S-on-1 damage test results show that the damage threshold of scanned area is approximately 40% higher than that of untreated area

EB-OCT: a potential strategy on early diagnosis and treatment for lung cancer

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in China and the world, mainly attributed to delayed diagnosis, given that currently available early screening strategies exhibit limited value. Endobronchial optical coherence tomography (EB-OCT) has the characteristics of non-invasiveness, accuracy, and repeatability. Importantly, the combination of EB-OCT with existing technologies represents a potential approach for early screening and diagnosis. In this review, we introduce the structure and strengths of EB-OCT. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive overview of the application of EB-OCT on early screening and diagnosis of lung cancer from in vivo experiments to clinical studies, including differential diagnosis of airway lesions, early screening for lung cancer, lung nodules, lymph node biopsy and localization and palliative treatment of lung cancer. Moreover, the bottlenecks and difficulties in developing and popularizing EB-OCT for diagnosis and treatment during clinical practice are analyzed. The characteristics of OCT images of normal and cancerous lung tissues were in good agreement with the results of pathology, which could be used to judge the nature of lung lesions in real time. In addition, EB-OCT can be used as an assistant to biopsy of pulmonary nodules and improve the success rate of biopsy. EB-OCT also plays an auxiliary role in the treatment of lung cancer. In conclusion, EB-OCT is non-invasive, safe and accurate in real-time. It is of great significance in the diagnosis of lung cancer and suitable for clinical application and is expected to become an important diagnostic method for lung cancer in the future